An appeal bond is needed when appealing a judgment to a higher court. A party whom a judgment has been rendered against files this bond with a court. This surety bond guarantees the execution of the fiduciaries' duties (sometimes with interest) should the appeal fail.
Appeal bonds always require 100% collateral; this requirement is industry wide and is not expected to change in the foreseeable future. Because of this requirement for collateral there are no special markets.
Court Bonds are typically approved in 48 hours.