The surety bond industry can be broken down into major categories and sub-categories of these bonds. The two major surety bond types are commercial and contract bonds (court bonds being a third). To truly understand the surety bond market, and how it is viewed, you must know these types of bonds and what they mean. This article will discuss each major bond type, what they guarantee and examples of contract surety bonds and commercial surety bonds.

Think of Contract Bonds like a contractor for your building or dwelling. Contract bonds gives protection on specific contracts by assuring the project owner, or obligee, that the contractor, or principal, will guarantee performance on specified contract. The contractor shall work and pay laborers, sub-contractors and suppliers for material. Some major sub-categories for contract bonds are as follows:

1. Bid Bond is a guarantee that the contract, once awarded, will be performed at the bid amount. The bonding company, or agent, will underwrite the bond and provide the performance. The bidder becomes the contractor, or principal if awarded the contract. If required, the agent also provides payment and maintenance bonds.
2. The contractor will perform a contract under terms and conditions of its Performance bond. Simply stated, the principal shall complete the work under the terms and conditions of the contract.
3. The principal shall pay material suppliers, laborers and sub-contractor(s). Payment bonds guarantee this will happen. In some instances, the principal shall not be paid until all others are paid.
4. Maintenance bonds guarantee that materials and craftsmanship is acceptable to the obligee. Maintenance shall be performed after a specified amount of time due to lack of craftsmanship or defective material or the like.
5. Subdivision bonds guarantee improvements nearby, such as curbs, sidewalks, sewer and gutter; be it replacement or new construction. The principal shall promise to finance and construct items listed in this bond. Subdivision bonds may include construction and financing of traffic lights, drainage systems, streetlights, etc.

Commercial Bonds guarantee the principal listed on the bond will perform as specified in the bond. These are much different than the contract bonds, as you will notice just by their bond types.

1. License and permit bonds guarantee the operator shall be licensed. The licensee such as an auto dealer bond, telemarketing bond, mortgage broker bond shall perform to the terms set forth in each specific bond. 
2. Public official bond is that of the performance of a public official is guaranteed.
3. Miscellaneous Bonds guarantee lost securities. This sub-category bond includes but is not limited to utility payments, union fringe benefit contributions, workers compensation and certain leases.

There are many other sub-category bonds in both contract surety bonds and commercial surety bonds and to numerous to mention. The sub-category bonds each have their own different type of surety bond to offer. For instance there are literally hundreds of bond types in License and Permit Bonds alone. It is common that agents may deal with a sub-category bond for which they never came across before.

Perhaps the reason it is useful to know about these different bonds is that each bonding company underwrites each sub-category differently. The industry defines this terminology as “language”. The requirements for each sub-category have as many similarities as there are differences.